See -ist on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ist<ety:bor<fro:-iste<ety:der<la:-ista>>>>",
"id": "person",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"person\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ist\" id=\"English:_person\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίζω",
"3": "-τής",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "verbal suffix",
"pos2": "agent-noun suffix",
"t1": "-ize, -ise"
},
"expansion": "-ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ism",
"3": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-ism + -t",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ista",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-isto"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -isto",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nFrom Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t. Doublet of -ista. The speaker of a language sense is influenced by Esperanto -isto.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ists",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "more -ist",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ist",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ist (noun-forming suffix, plural -ists)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ist, superlative most -ist)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "8 8 16 17 8 8 8 13 11",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 16 17 8 8 8 13 11",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 16 17 8 8 8 13 11",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 16 17 8 8 8 13 11",
"word": "-ite"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 16 17 8 8 8 13 11",
"word": "-or"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 4 25 22",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "botanist, one who studies plants"
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-yOVb90st",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
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{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
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},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "violinist, one who plays a violin"
},
{
"text": "cyclist, one who rides a (bi)cycle"
},
{
"text": "(dated) autoist, one who drives an automobile"
},
{
"text": "pianist, one who plays the piano"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who uses a device of some kind;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-e~r5916c",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "7 7 16 16 7 7 7 16 15",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "8 8 16 16 8 8 8 16 13",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 23 20",
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"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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{
"_dis": "7 7 11 12 7 7 7 23 20",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 14 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures"
},
{
"text": "artist, one who makes art"
},
{
"text": "bigamist, one who commits bigamy"
},
{
"text": "terrorist, one who causes terror"
},
{
"text": "tourist, one who tours"
},
{
"text": "Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who engages in a particular type of activity;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-DzUhW2--",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"_dis": "7 7 13 14 7 7 7 22 19",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 4 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 22",
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"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 24 20",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 23 22",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 14 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "autist, egoist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-ohKxKXTi",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-I~GzcQsP",
"links": [
[
"theological",
"theological"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"denomination",
"denomination"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-GzHCaRov",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "capitalist; industrialist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who owns or manages something;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-zD2Pc1cM",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 18 8 8 8 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 18 18 8 8 8 13 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 17 18 7 7 7 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 13 14 7 7 7 29 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 16 16 7 7 7 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 16 16 7 7 7 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 16 8 8 8 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 18 8 8 8 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 15 7 7 7 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 15 7 7 7 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 12 13 4 4 4 35 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 13 14 7 7 7 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 12 6 6 6 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 26 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 12 6 6 6 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 12 7 7 7 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 4 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 14 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who holds bigoted, partial views with respect to a particular matter."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-xJ1ppqQE",
"links": [
[
"bigot",
"bigot"
],
[
"partial",
"partial"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 19 4 4 4 4 4 26 18",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 18 8 8 8 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 17 18 7 7 7 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 16 16 7 7 7 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 16 16 7 7 7 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 16 8 8 8 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 18 8 8 8 16 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 15 7 7 7 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 14 15 7 7 7 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 13 14 7 7 7 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 11 12 7 7 7 23 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 4 25 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 14 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 23 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 9 10 5 5 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 14 14 6 6 6 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 10 5 4 5 24 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 13 6 6 6 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Esperantist, Tokiponist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who speaks or specializes in a (usually constructed) language."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-TUSmHvFK",
"links": [
[
"specialize",
"specialize"
],
[
"construct",
"construct"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ɪst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-əst/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
},
{
"homophone": "-est"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nisba",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-իստ"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "-zhǔyìzhě",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者 /-主义者"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-anto"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-isṭi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ისტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"alt": "-しゅぎしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-shugisha",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"alt": "主義者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-juuija",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-주의자"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-îst"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ger"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"note": "before noun",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "ahli"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-garâ",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "ـگرا"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́стка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "m-"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-jist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-íстка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-jistka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-їстка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yst",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ystka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-истка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 6 14 13 14 13 10 14 8",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-get",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-գետ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ban",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-բան"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-lógos",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-λόγος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-(t)óir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "가"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-lucu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 22 18 15 14 15 3 7",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"note": "peng- + noun",
"sense": "A person who uses something"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aru"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eri"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 4 4 4 4 4 19 19",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īvistī, second person singular perfect indicative ending of regular fourth-conjugation verbs, from -istī (second person singular perfect indicative ending of any verb) affixed to the perfect infix -īv-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the second person singular preterite indicative of third conjugation verbs"
],
"id": "en--ist-ca-suffix-L4PVYOjp",
"links": [
[
"third conjugation verbs",
"-ir#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-da-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"id": "en--ist-nl-suffix-U-vcSwKE",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ista",
"4": ":influence",
"5": "fr:-iste",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istabor.\n▲\nFrench -isteinflu.\nGerman -ist\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"-ist\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ista",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istabor.\n▲\nFrench -isteinflu.\nGerman -ist\nBorrowed from Latin -ista, reinforced by French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.weak",
"f": "in"
},
"expansion": "-ist m (weak, genitive -isten, plural -isten, feminine -istin)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Piano (“piano”) + -ist → Pianist (“pianist”)"
},
{
"text": "Anarchie (“anarchy”) + -ist → Anarchist (“anarchist”)"
},
{
"text": "Putsch (“putsch, coup”) + -ist → Putschist (“putschist, coupist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-de-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪst]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ist.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/De--ist.ogg/De--ist.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/De--ist.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-est"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "knowist, sendist, bitakist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -est"
],
"id": "en--ist-enm-suffix-isLHBrmy",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"id": "en--ist-nb-suffix-xOTNs1cf",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"id": "en--ist-nn-suffix-xOTNs1cf",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ost"
],
"id": "en--ist-ang-suffix-3anEnN2U",
"links": [
[
"-ost",
"-ost#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine/neuter plural -iste)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist (pianist)",
"text": "pian + -ist",
"translation": "pianist (pianist)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarhist (anarchist)",
"text": "anarhie + -ist",
"translation": "anarhist (anarchist)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rasist (racist)",
"text": "rasă + -ist",
"translation": "rasist (racist)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-ro-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-istă"
},
{
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"word": "-tor"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ist]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ист",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (Cyrillic spelling -ист)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Croatian Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"id": "en--ist-sh-suffix-5oVJxZgB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Croatia) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ists",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ister",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isternas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 12 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "piano (“piano”) + -ist → pianist (“pianist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "anarki (“anarchy”) + -ist → anarkist (“anarchist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ras (“race”) + -ist → rasist (“racist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nykter (“sober”) + -ist → nykterist (“non-drinker, teetotaler”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "infanteri (“infantry”) + -ist → infanterist (“infantryman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "miljöparti (“green party”) + -ist → miljöpartist (“member or supporter of a green party”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "70-tal(et) (“(the) 70s”) + -ist → 70-talist (“person born in the 70s”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-sv-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ism"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪst]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ist",
"word": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ist (adjective *-istaz)",
"name": "gem-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"id": "en--ist-gem-pro-suffix-OBlRU5-2",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-yst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"especially Northern"
],
"word": "-ast"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ist"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-istaz<id:most>",
"id": "most",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-istaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ist\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"most\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-ist\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_most\">\nInherited from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-istos, from *-yōs + *-tHós.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-istos, from *-yōs + *-tHós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms superlative adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ist-gmw-pro-suffix-BXkiqGMt",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ōst"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īvistī, second person singular perfect indicative ending of regular fourth-conjugation verbs, from -istī (second person singular perfect indicative ending of any verb) affixed to the perfect infix -īv-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan suffixes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the second person singular preterite indicative of third conjugation verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"third conjugation verbs",
"-ir#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender suffixes",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish noun-forming suffixes",
"Danish suffixes",
"Danish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Danish terms derived from French",
"Danish terms derived from Latin",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Esperanto",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ist<ety:bor<fro:-iste<ety:der<la:-ista>>>>",
"id": "person",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"person\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ist\" id=\"English:_person\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίζω",
"3": "-τής",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "verbal suffix",
"pos2": "agent-noun suffix",
"t1": "-ize, -ise"
},
"expansion": "-ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ism",
"3": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-ism + -t",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ista",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "eo",
"3": "-isto"
},
"expansion": "Esperanto -isto",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istader.\nOld French -istebor.\nMiddle English -ist\nEnglish -ist\nFrom Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t. Doublet of -ista. The speaker of a language sense is influenced by Esperanto -isto.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ists",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "more -ist",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ist",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ist (noun-forming suffix, plural -ists)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ist, superlative most -ist)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"word": "-er"
},
{
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"word": "-ite"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "botanist, one who studies plants"
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "violinist, one who plays a violin"
},
{
"text": "cyclist, one who rides a (bi)cycle"
},
{
"text": "(dated) autoist, one who drives an automobile"
},
{
"text": "pianist, one who plays the piano"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who uses a device of some kind;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures"
},
{
"text": "artist, one who makes art"
},
{
"text": "bigamist, one who commits bigamy"
},
{
"text": "terrorist, one who causes terror"
},
{
"text": "tourist, one who tours"
},
{
"text": "Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who engages in a particular type of activity;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "autist, egoist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"theological",
"theological"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"denomination",
"denomination"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "capitalist; industrialist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who owns or manages something;"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who holds bigoted, partial views with respect to a particular matter."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"bigot",
"bigot"
],
[
"partial",
"partial"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Esperantist, Tokiponist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who speaks or specializes in a (usually constructed) language."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"specialize",
"specialize"
],
[
"construct",
"construct"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ɪst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-əst/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
},
{
"homophone": "-est"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "nisba",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-իստ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "-zhǔyìzhě",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者 /-主义者"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-anto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-isṭi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ისტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "יסט"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"alt": "-しゅぎしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-shugisha",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"alt": "主義者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-juuija",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-주의자"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-îst"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ger"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-van"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"note": "before noun",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "ahli"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "-garâ",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "ـگرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́стка"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "m-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-jist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-íстка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-jistka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-їстка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-yst",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-ystka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-истка"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-get",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-գետ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "-ban",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-բան"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-lógos",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-λόγος"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-(t)óir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "가"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-lucu"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-adóir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aí"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"note": "peng- + noun",
"sense": "A person who uses something"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-aru"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-eri"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ach"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ista",
"4": ":influence",
"5": "fr:-iste",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istabor.\n▲\nFrench -isteinflu.\nGerman -ist\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-tās\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-τής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐστής\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ista\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-iste\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"-ist\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" }\" data-lang=\"de\" data-title=\"-ist\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ista",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Hellenic *-tās\nAncient Greek -τής (-tḗs)\nAncient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor.\nLatin -istabor.\n▲\nFrench -isteinflu.\nGerman -ist\nBorrowed from Latin -ista, reinforced by French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.weak",
"f": "in"
},
"expansion": "-ist m (weak, genitive -isten, plural -isten, feminine -istin)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with etymology trees",
"German entries with etymon",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from Latin",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from French",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"German weak suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Piano (“piano”) + -ist → Pianist (“pianist”)"
},
{
"text": "Anarchie (“anarchy”) + -ist → Anarchist (“anarchist”)"
},
{
"text": "Putsch (“putsch, coup”) + -ist → Putschist (“putschist, coupist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪst]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De--ist.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/De--ist.ogg/De--ist.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/De--ist.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-est"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "knowist, sendist, bitakist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -est"
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from French",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ost"
],
"links": [
[
"-ost",
"-ost#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ist",
"word": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "*-istaz"
},
"expansion": "*-ist (adjective *-istaz)",
"name": "gem-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-yst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"especially Northern"
],
"word": "-ast"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-st"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-est"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-est"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-ist"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-istaz<id:most>",
"id": "most",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-istaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ist\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"most\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-ist\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_most\">\nInherited from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-istos, from *-yōs + *-tHós.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-istos, from *-yōs + *-tHós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isteʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ōst"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms superlative adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine/neuter plural -iste)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-istă"
},
{
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"word": "-tor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjective-forming suffixes",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine suffixes",
"Romanian neuter suffixes",
"Romanian noun-forming suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist (pianist)",
"text": "pian + -ist",
"translation": "pianist (pianist)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarhist (anarchist)",
"text": "anarhie + -ist",
"translation": "anarhist (anarchist)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rasist (racist)",
"text": "rasă + -ist",
"translation": "rasist (racist)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ist]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ист",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (Cyrillic spelling -ист)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Croatian Serbo-Croatian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for accents in Serbo-Croatian suffix entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from French",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Croatia) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ists",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ister",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isternas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ism"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms borrowed from French",
"Swedish terms derived from French"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "piano (“piano”) + -ist → pianist (“pianist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "anarki (“anarchy”) + -ist → anarkist (“anarchist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ras (“race”) + -ist → rasist (“racist”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nykter (“sober”) + -ist → nykterist (“non-drinker, teetotaler”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "infanteri (“infantry”) + -ist → infanterist (“infantryman”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "miljöparti (“green party”) + -ist → miljöpartist (“member or supporter of a green party”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "70-tal(et) (“(the) 70s”) + -ist → 70-talist (“person born in the 70s”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪst]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ist meaning in All languages combined (60.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": -iyy vs. nisba",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"-ist"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "-ist/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"lang_code\": \"ms\", \"note\": \"peng- + noun\", \"sense\": \"A person who uses something\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-ist",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 272155545<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 01:20:18 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-ist",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-ist",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 283388882<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 01:21:13 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.